The kidneys play an important role in our bodies. Not only in filtering the blood and getting rid of residual substances, kidney function also balancing levels of electrolyte levels in the body, controlling blood pressure, and stimulates the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the waist on the back, normally one on each side of the spine. These organs get their blood supply through the renal arteries directly from the aorta and send blood back to the heart via the renal veins to the vena cava. The kidneys have the ability to monitor the amount of body fluid, the concentration of electrolytes like sodium and potassium, and acid-base balance of the body.
CAUSE KIDNEY FAILURE
There are a number of factors that cause kidney failure, and treatment of the underlying disease can be the first step in improving kidney disorders. In some cases, kidney damage can be repaired and this vital organ back to normal work. However, in other situations, the possibility of a permanent and lasting damage can only be repaired with a kidney transplant.
Hemodialis or often called dialysis must be done by the sufferer until declared successful kidney transplant process. Symptoms of kidney failure caused by a buildup of waste products in the body can cause weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, and confusion. Inability to remove potassium from the blood stream can cause abnormal heart rhythms and the worst result is sudden death.
DIAGNOSIS OF KIDNEY FAILURE
The diagnosis of kidney failure is usually done with a blood test to measure levels of blood urea, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
WHAT IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF KIDNEY FAILURE?
There are two main causes. Kidney failure can occur due to a situation of acute or chronic problem stems from. In acute renal failure, kidney function is lost rapidly. The list of causes is often categorized based on the injuries that occurred. Occurs due to pre-renal causes a decrease in blood supply to the kidneys. Examples of pre-renal causes of kidney failure are hypovolemia (blood volume is too low) due to loss of blood; dehydration due to loss of body fluids (eg vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, fever); Poor fluid intake; the influence of drugs, such as diuretics may cause excessive water loss; and abnormal blood flow to and from the kidney due to renal artery or vein blockage.
Other causes direct damage to the kidney itself are described below. Sepsis, a condition in which the immune system is overwhelmed from infection and causes inflammation and closure of the kidney. This usually does not occur with urinary tract infection.
- Drugs. Some drugs are toxic to the kidney, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Several other drugs also aggravate the kidneys, including antibiotics such as aminoglycosides (gentamicin, garamycin, and tobramycin), lithium, and iodine are injected drugs for radiological studies.
- Rhabdomyolysis, which is a situation in which there is significant muscle breakdown in the body and damaged muscle fibers clog the filtering system of the kidneys. This can occur due to trauma, severe injuries, and burns. Some drugs used to treat high cholesterol can cause rhabdomyolysis.
- Acute glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering system of the kidneys. Many diseases can cause this inflammation, including lupus, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Goodpasture syndrome.
- Renal failure or chronic kidney disease develops over many months and years. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease associated with poorly controlled diabetes; less uncontrolled high blood pressure; chronic glomerulonephritis; kidney stones; and prostate disease.
- Kidney disease is often called a silent killer because most people have no symptoms before they are diagnosed. In fact, you may feel fine until your kidneys have almost stopped working. So do not wait until the symptoms come, take care of your kidneys start right now.
PURPOSE OF MEDICAL TREATMENT IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Medical treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease aims to:
Prevent or hinder the course of the disease, from early stage to the advanced stage also prevents the occurrence of cardiac complications, cardiac complications are the cause for the high incidence of death, can occur before or after the occurrence of renal failure. These efforts such as:
- efforts to control hypertension so that the blood pressure reaches normal, if there is diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels within normal limits through efforts to control diabetes, blood sugar control is a marker HbA1c examination, control cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
- Treatment / handle / cope with conditions / diseases that may be refersibel (cured), such as kidney stones, ureteral stones, other obstruction, infection and others.
- Addressing complaints related to the disease and its complications, such as:Complaints swollen, congested, hypertension, heart failure, as a result of retention (accumulation) of fluid and salt.
Complaints weak, tired, listless and pale, due to anemia.
Bone loss, bone pain, due to renal osteodystrophy.
Complaints palpitations, due to acid-base disturbances. Hyperkalemia can disrupt heart rhythms and even cardiac arrest.
- Physical conditions were thin, because of malnutrition, caused by lack of food intake and protein leakage in the kidney.
- Sexual dysfunction, due to hormonal disturbances.
- Sense of numbness and pain due to neurological disorders (nerve).
- Difficulty concentrating, personality disorders, seizures.
- Infections, caused by immune disorders.
- Changing renal function by dialysis (dialysis) or a kidney transplant kidney failure when it occurs.
- Improve the patient's lifestyle by controlling weight in the normal range, stop smoking, a healthy diet and doing physical activity.
HOW TO CONTROL THE KIDNEY FAILURE PATIENTS
Patients with chronic kidney disease is important to control the doctor, so that:
progressive course of the disease can be known,
- a variety of problems or complications that arise can be addressed immediately,
- doctor can assess whether there is success patient lifestyle, such as quitting smoking, quit using drugs / herbs that can aggravate kidney function, kidney diet, and activity.
Some examinations are to be evaluated by a physician at the time of control, namely:
- Evaluation of blood pressure
- Evaluation glomerolus fitrasi rate (GFR)
- Evaluation of albuminuria: the ratio of protein / albumin to urinary creatinine
- Evaluation of HbA1c, especially if there is diabetes mellitus
- Evaluation fat profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), especially when high risk to get heart complications.
In patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 (GFR)
- Evaluation of hemoglobin levels,
- Evaluation of nutritional status (energy and protein intake, body weight, serum albumin)
- Evaluation of the levels of parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus.
- Evaluation of the quality of life of patients through quotioners.
EVALUATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
- Target blood pressure control for patients with chronic kidney disease was 130/85 mmHg. When accompanied with diabetes mellitus was 125/75 mmHg. Attempts to reach the control targets above is the drug and non-drug, both should be pursued, namely:
- Drugs prescribed antihypertensive example of ACE Inhibitors or ARBs.
- Efforts non essential drugs are low-salt diet, lose excess weight, and activity.
- Without the 'compliance', control of hypertension would be difficult.
EVALUATION OF LFG
Evaluation of renal function is to assess glomerolus filtration rate (GFR). In patients with stage 1-2 chronic kidney disease: evaluation of LFG performed every 12 months. When stage 3: every 3 months and more often when the stage 4-5 every 3 months. The decline in GFR showed a decrease in renal function and an increase in stages, for example from stage 2 to stage 3. Coping with Kidney Stones Through The Right Medical Treatment
Stones in the kidneys and urinary tract is a hard object resembling a stone formed in the kidney or urinary tract and is derived from the urine of substances carried. Kidney stones may remain in the kidney or exit and go to the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small can get out of the body through urine without causing extreme pain. While kidney stones that are larger in size, can become lodged in the bladder or urethra and cause problems that interfere. Although stone can be experienced by men or women, but is more common in men (up to 2-3 times as much). According to dr. Poncho Birowo, SpU, PhD from RS.Asri, "Urinary tract stones can be caused by several things, but usually due to a dense concentration of urine resulting in the precipitation of crystals that will continue to grow over time. Another factor is the anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract so that the flow of urine becomes smooth & easy to crystal precipitation. "The prevalence of patients with stones can vary between countries, such as 1-5% in Asia, 5-9% in Europe, 13% in North America, and 20% in Saudi Arabia. Then the stone risk factors are gender, age, race, occupation, geographic location, BMI & weather, dr. Poncho Birowo. This issue was raised in the event Launch "Urology Center Asri" in RS. Asri, Jakarta on Thursday, June 23, 2011 yesterday.
Signs and symptoms of kidney stones or urinary tract may be different for each person. Ranging from asymptomatic to severe though. But usually the stone sufferers who consult doctors have complaints like the following:
1. Pain in the waist
2. Pain during urination
3. Nausea, vomiting (colic)
4. Diabetes is not smooth or Anyang-anyangan
5. Brown urine, or red
For those readers who still need more information or would like to consult, please come to the Hospital Complementary "Canon medicinae Indonesia". And if you are interested want to seek treatment, to find out more please see, come, ask, see for yourself or consult your self immediately at 21st Tubagus Ismail to Dago VII avenue 21 Bandung West Java - INDONESIA Phone: +62 - (022) 253- 1000 / Fax. (022) 251-6663 / Mobile: +62 - 0812.2023.2009 (Kidney) / +62 - 0878.9537.5000 (Diabetes Mellitus) / +62 - 0856.9518.6000 (Cancer) / +62 - 0822.1848.2898 (Heart) PIN Blackberry: 7E8C39F5 (GENERAL), 7EBA27CF (CANCER), 7E7C3491 (RENAL) (Hospital Complementary only Canon medicinae Indonesia in Bandung - West Java - INDONESIA).
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